Which theory emphasizes introducing the target language in manageable portions and shaping new behaviors through reinforcement?

• A. Sensorimotor
• B. Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory
• C. Applying Behaviorist Theory
• D. Cognitivist

Answer: (C)

Shaping language learning through small, manageable steps and reinforcing correct use is a hallmark of behaviorist theory. In this view, learners acquire language by performing responses and receiving immediate feedback that strengthens desirable patterns. The teacher breaks target language into tiny, achievable chunks, guides students through practice, and uses reinforcement—praise, corrections, or rewards—to reinforce accurate pronunciation, grammar, and usage. Over time, successive approximations are built up until proficient language use emerges, which is the essence of shaping and reinforcement in this approach.

Other theories focus on different mechanisms. Sensorimotor theory emphasizes learning through physical actions in infancy, Piaget’s cognitive development centers on stages of thinking and problem-solving, and cognitivist theory highlights internal mental processes and how information is organized and retrieved. None place the same emphasis on reinforcement and stepwise shaping of language behavior as the behaviorist perspective.